FOXG1 Directly Suppresses Wnt5a During the Development of the Hippocampus / 神经科学通报·英文版

The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in various developmental processes. Wnt5a, which activates the non-canonical pathway, has been shown to be particularly important for axon guidance and outgrowth as well as dendrite morphogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of Wnt5a remains unclear. Here, through conditional disruption of Foxg1 in hippocampal progenitors and postmitotic neurons achieved by crossing Foxg1

Oxidative Stress-Activated NHE1 Is Involved in High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

PURPOSE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus involving disturbances in electrolytes and the acid-base balance caused by a disorder of glucose metabolism. NHE1 is a Na+/H+ exchanger responsible for keeping intracellular pH (pHi) balance and cell growth. Our study aimed to investigate roles of NHE1 in high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal epithelial tubular cell line HK-2 was cultured in medium containing 5 mM or 30 mM glucose. Then, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, NHE1 expression, and pHi were evaluated. NHE1 siRNA and inhibitor were used to evaluate its role in cell apoptosis. RESULTS: HG significantly increased cell apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-OHdG (p<0.05). Meanwhile, we found that HG induced the expression of NHE1 and increased the pHi from 7.0 to 7.6 after 48 h of incubation. However, inhibiting NHE1 using its specific siRNA or antagonist DMA markedly reduced cell apoptosis stimulated by HG. In addition, suppressing cellular oxidative stress using antioxidants, such as glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine, significantly reduced the production of ROS, accompanied by a decrease in NHE1. We also found that activated cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I (PKG) signaling promoted the production of ROS, which contributed to the regulation of NHE1 functions. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that HG activates PKG signaling and elevates the production of ROS, which was responsible for the induction of NHE1 expression and dysfunction, as well as subsequent cell apoptosis, in renal tubular epithelial cells.

Clinical evaluation of Yiqifumai combined with Alprostadil in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency with unstable angina pectoris / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To assess the therapeutic effects of Yiqifumai combined with Alprostadil injection on patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency and angina pectoris.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with heart dysfunction (NYHA [Ⅱ-Ⅲ) and angina pectoris were randomly divided into three groups,the control group (n=50),the Yiqifumai group (n=50),and the Yiqifumai plus Alprostadil group (n=50).Parameters including clinical effectiveness,electrocardiograph (ECG),heart function and hemodynamics were evaluated.Results The overall clinical effectiveness rate in the Yiqifumai plus Alprostadil group (94 ％) was higher than those in the Yiqifumai group (78 ％) and the control group (54％) (P＜0.05 for both).The overall effectiveness rate in ECG changes was higher in the Yiqifumai plus Alprostadil group (84％) than in the Yiqifunai group (58％) and the control group (42％) (P＜0.05 for both).While no significant difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was found among the three groups before treatment,evident improvement in LVEF was observed in the Yiqifunai group and the Yiqifumai plus Alprostadil group 14 days after treatment,compared with pre-treatment data [(49±9)％ vs.(40±10)％ and (59±9)％ vs.(41±10) ％,respectively; P＜0.05 for both].However,there was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).There was no improvement in LVEF in the control group after treatment (P ＞0.05).No difference in hemodynamic parameters,including cardiac output,cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index,was found among the three groups before treatment (P＞0.05),but they showed improvement in the Yiqifunai group and the Yiqifumai plus Alprostadil group after treatment (P＜0.05 for both),with greater improvement in the latter group.The improvement was not significant in the control group before and after treatment (P＞0.05).Conclusions Yiqifumai combined with Alprostadil in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency with unstable angina pectoris has advantages in improving clinical symptoms,heart function and hemodynamics.

Cause Analysis of emporal bone Anatomy Factor Underwent Radical Mastoidectomy in 36 Cases / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To explore the main anatomical factors for relapse in patients underwent radical mas-toidectomy and discuss the preventive measures .Methods A retrospective study was carried out 36 patients who had underwent radical mastoidectomy and 100 patients (100 ears) who had been cured underwent radical mastoidectomy during July 2011 toSeptember 2013 .The patients underwent axial and coronal temporal Computed Tomography (CT) .The incidence of low -lying middle cranial fossa ,high jugular bulb ,anterior locati(36 ears)on of sigmoid si-nus ,dehiscent tympani tegmen ,dehiscent of the facial nerve canal ,large sinus tympani ,low -lying horizontal facial nerve were recorded .Results The incidence of low -lying middle cranial fossa(36 .1% ) ,anterior location of sig-moid sinus(41 .7% ) ,dehiscent tegmen tympani (30 .6% ) ,dehiscent of the facial nerve canal (41 .7% ) ,large sinus tympani(25 .0% ) ,low -lying horizontal facial nerve(22 .2% ) were higher than those of in the normal group .There was no significant difference in high jugular bulb .Conclusion The main anatomical factors for relapse in patients un-derwent radical mastoidectomy were low -lying middle cranial fossa ,anterior location of sigmoid sinus ,dehiscent tegmen tympani ,dehiscent of the facial nerve canal ,large sinus tympani ,low -lying horizontal facial nerve .

Chemical constituents of Rauvolfia verticillata / 药学学报

The study on the Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill., which belongs to Apocynaceae, was carried out to look for its chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. The isolation and purification were performed by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS (octadecyl silane) open column. The structures of obtained compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Three indole alkaloids and one acridone alkaloid were isolated from chloroform layer extract and identified as ajmalicine B (1), sandwicine (2), raunescine (3) and 7-hydroxynoracronycine (4) separately. Ajmalicine B (1) is a new compound belonging to indole alkaloid. Compound 4 as an acridone alkaloid was a new type compound isolated from Rauvolfia genus for the first time. We also did some biological activity research on the new type compound (4) to explore other pharmacological activities in addition to antihypertensive activity.

Multi-residue determination of 11 pesticides in Shengmaiyin prescription by gas chromatography / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the pesticide residues in Shengmaiyin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by capillary gas chromatography. The capillary column was OV-1701(0. 32 mm x 30 m, 0.5 microm), splitless injection and Agilent 63Ni electron capture detector ECD were adopted. The carrier gas were high-pure nitrogen, the flow rate were 60 mL x min(-1), the injector temperature was 260 degrees C, and the detector temperature was 300 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>It showed a good linear relationship between peak area and pesticide concentration for 11 kinds of pesticides in the detection concentration range. All correlation coefficients were higher than 0.996 2. The average recovery was 83.1% -114.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A simple and efficient monitoring method of pesticide residues is established which provides the foundation for the safe use and analysis of Shengmaiyin.</p>

Relationship of Platelet Aggregation and Inflammatory Factors in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To observe the correlation of platelet activation and the inflammatory factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 150 patients with CHD were divided into three groups according to the guideline of ACC/AHA:Stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n=47,aspirin 100 mg/d); Unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group (n=50,aspirin 100 mg/d+Dalteparin 5000 U Q12 h); Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n=53,aspirin 100 mg/d+Dalteparin 5000 U Q12 h+Plavix 75 mg/d).53 healthy adults served as the Control group.The fast blood sugar,lipid,platelet count,platelet aggregation of plasma,fibrinogen,high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) of plasma,and 11-dehydro thromboxane B_2 (11-DH-TXB_2) of urine were detected upon patients' admission.Results:The level of plasma hs-CRP in groups of SAP,UAP and AMI(4.25±2.95 mg/l,7.61±6.11 mg/l,15.46±8.22 mg/l)were significantly higher than that in Control group(2.07±1.28 mg/l,P<0.05).The max rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP in groups of UAP and AMI were significantly higher than that in Control and SAP groups(74.35±8.91%,73.88±8.35% vs.66.22±7.51%,68.67±6.87%,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the max rate of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and 11-DH-TXB_2 of urine in different groups (P<0.05).The level of plasma hs-CRP in all patients with CHD were significantly positively correlated with the max rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP (r=0.473,P=0.000),AA(r=0.434,P=0.000) and 11-DH-TXB_2 of urine (r=0.554,P=0.000).Conclusion:There were significant relationship between the levels of plasma hs-CRP,11-DH-TXB_2 and the max rate of platelet aggregation,which indicating inflammation might induce platelet aggregation in CHD patients.

Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Valaciclovir Hydrochloride Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study pharmacokinetics of valaciclovir hydrochloride tablets and to evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference tablets. METHODS: In a two-period cross-over design test, 18 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of 600 mg test valaciclovir hydrochloride and 600 mg reference formulations respectively. Plasma concentrations of acyclovir were determined by HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations were calculated and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test vs. reference valacyclovir hydrochloride tablets were as follows:tmax(1.69?0.25)h vs. (1.72?0.26)h, Cmax(3.34?0.58) ?g?mL-1 vs. (3.40?0.49)?g?mL-1, t1/2(2.73?0.31)h vs. (2.97?0.33)h, AUC0～14(11.22?2.21) ?g?h?mL-1 vs. (11.12?1.90)?g?h?mL-1, AUC0～∞(11.76?2.15) ?g?h?mL-1 vs. (11.61?1.86)?g?h?mL-1, respectively. As compared with reference formulation, the relative bioavailability of test formulation was (101.06?11.72)%. CONCLUSION: The two preparations are bioequivalent.